Paint is one of those underappreciated materials that makes our built environment more vibrant, protective, and visually appealing. But while it beautifies our spaces, paint can also pose certain health risks if not used properly.

Let's take a closer look at what paint is, its potential dangers, and how to stay safe around it.

What Is Paint?

At its most basic, paint is a liquid mixture comprised of pigments suspended in a solvent or polymer dispersions like oils or acrylics. When applied, the liquid portion evaporates, leaving behind the solid pigment coating.

The three primary categories of paint are:

• Oil-based (alkyd) - Uses natural vegetable oils like linseed oil and mineral spirits as a solvent. Oil paints take longer to dry but produce a harder, more durable finish.

• Water-based (latex) - Uses water as the solvent and acrylic resins to bind the pigments together. Latex dries faster and has very low odor and VOCs.

• Specialty paints - Include shellac, lacquers, varnishes, stains, and other formulations made for specific uses like chalkboard paint.

Potential Harms of Paint

While modern paints are much safer than in past decades, there are still some potential risks to be aware of:

VOCs - Volatile organic compounds like paint thinners can cause short-term issues like headaches, dizziness, and respiratory irritation if inhaled in concentrated amounts during painting.

Heavy Metals - Old homes may have lead-based paint which is highly toxic if ingested or inhaled, especially for young children. Some vibrant hues also contain trace metals.

Mold/Mildew - Moisture behind paint on bathroom and basement walls can grow mold/mildew over time, leading to respiratory issues.

Flammability - Oil-based paints are more flammable than latex.

Tips for Safely Using Paint

While the risks sound scary, with some basic precautions you can safely paint your home and space. Here are some tips:

• Always open windows and run exhaust fans to ventilate the area while painting

• Take frequent breaks to step outside for fresh air

• Use low-VOC, zero-VOC, or plant-based paints whenever possible, especially indoors

• Only strip old lead-based paint with a professional lead-safe certified service

• Fix any moisture issues before painting bathrooms/basements and use mold-resistant paints

• Store rags, trays, and waste properly to avoid spontaneous combustion risks with oil paints

• Wear respirators and protective clothing when spraying paint

• Keep kids/pets away until fumes fully dissipate

After repainting, it's also wise to:

• Leave windows open as long as possible to bring in fresh air

• Clean painting tools and trays thoroughly

• Wash clothes separately from other laundry

• Use exhaust fans when entering freshly painted rooms

• Install carbon monoxide detectors as an extra precaution

With a bit of know-how and attention, you can safely enjoy the beauty and protection of freshly painted rooms! Paint is a wonderful way to transform spaces—just remember to use it wisely. Your nose, lungs, and overall health will appreciate it.